ABSTRACT
This research is to estimate the toxicity of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba (ARA) in F344 rats and to find a dose level for the 13 weeks toxicity study. A hot water extract of ARA (ARWE) was administered orally to F344 rats at dose levels of 0 (vehicle control), 500, 1000, 2000, 3500, and 5000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Each group was composed to five male and five female F344 rats. According to the result, there were no ARWE-related adverse changes in mortality, body weights, food consumption, urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, gross finding at necropsy, and organ weight examination. Salivation was observed in 3500 and 5000 mg/kg/day in male and female rats but it could not have found any relationship with ARWE administration. Based on our findings, ARWE may not cause toxicity in rats under the experimental conditions. Therefore, dose level of 5000 mg/kg/day as a highest treatment group in 13-week exposure study is recommended for further toxicity assessment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Body Weight , Chemistry, Clinical , Hematology , Mortality , Organ Size , Rats, Inbred F344 , Salivation , Toxicity Tests , Urinalysis , WaterABSTRACT
99mTc tricarbonyl glycine monomers, trimers, and pentamers were synthesized and evaluated for their radiolabeling and in vivo distribution characteristics. We synthesized a 99mTc-tricarbonyl precursor with a low oxidation state (I). 99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3 + was then made to react with monomeric and oligomeric glycine for the development of bifunctional chelating sequences for biomolecules. Labeling yields of 99mTc-tricarbonyl glycine monomers and oligomers were checked by high-performance liquid chromatography. The labeling yields of 99mTc-tricarbonyl glycine and glycine oligomers were more than 95%. We evaluated the characteristics of 99mTc-tricarbonyl glycine oligomers by carrying out a lipophilicity test and an imaging study. The octanol-water partition coefficient of 99mTc tricarbonyl glycine oligomers indicated hydrophilic properties. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of 99mTc-tricarbonyl glycine oligomers showed rapid renal excretion through the kidneys with a low uptake in the liver, especially of 99mTc tricarbonyl triglycine. Furthermore, we verified that the addition of triglycine to prototype biomolecules (AGRGDS and RRPYIL) results in the improvement of radiolabeling yield. From these results, we conclude that triglycine has good characteristics for use as a bifunctional chelating sequence for a 99mTc-tricarbonyl-based biomolecular imaging probe.